Bedouin
Beduinen
Beneventans
Beneventaner
French
Franzosen
Mexicans
Mexikaner
Gauls
Gallier
Germans
Deutsche
Britons (Celts)
Britannen
Canadians
Kanadier
Goths
Gothen
Caribs
Caraiben
Carthaginians
Carthager
Celts
Kelten
Chaldeans
Chaldäer
Gyana-Ladies
Guiana-Damen
Chinese
Chinesen
Cimbrians
Cimbern
Dorians
Dorier
Heruli
Heruler
Egyptians
Ägypter
Hindus
Hindu
English
Engländer
Etruscans
Etrusker
Huns
Hunnen
Iberians
Iberier
Illyrians
Illyrier
Inca
Inkas
Indians
Inder
Inhabitants of Chios?
Chioten
Inhabitants of New Holland
Neuholländer
Inhabitants of Tyre?
Tyrer
Inuit
Israelites
Israeliten
Italians
Italiener
Social groups
Italic peoples
Italier
Japanese
Japanesen
Japydes
Japygier
Germanic tribes
Germanen
American Indians
Indianer
Romans
Römer
Jews
Juden
Judeans
Judäer
Kalmyks
Kalmücken
Kurds
Kurden
Lombards
Langobarden
Tonga
Tongaer
Lucchese
Lucchesen
Lycians
Lykier
Lyonese
Lyoner
Macedonians
Makedonier
Medes
Meder
Milesians (Irish)
Milesier
Minyans
Minyer
Russians
Russen
Saracens
Saracenen
Americans
Amerikaner
Arabs
Araber
Ashanti
Aschanti
Asian barbarians
Asiatischen und Thrakischen Barbaren
Asians
Asiaten
Saxons
Sachsen
Assyrians
Assyrer
Mohammedans
Muhamedaner
Austrians
Österreicher
Aztecs
Azteken
Babylonians
Babylonier
Scandinavians
Skandinavier
Mongols
Mongolen
Moors
Mauren
Neapolitans
Neapolitaner
Florentines
Florentiner
Negroes
Neger
Normans
Normanen
Scythians
Skythen
North Americans
Nordamerikaner
Skrælings
Skrälinger
North Europeans
Völker des Nordens von Europa
Onalaskans?
Onalasker
Parthians
Parther
Orientals
Orientale
Slavs
Slaven
Pelasgians
Pelasger
Peoples of the East
Völker des Ostens
Persians
Perser
South Sea Islanders
Völker der Südsee
Wild people
Wilden
Greeks
Griechen
Swiss
Schweizer
Sybarites
Sybariten
Sámi people
Samen
Tiroleans
Tiroler
Toltec
Tolteken
Troglodytes
Troglodyten
Tungus
Tungusen
Turks
Türken
Europeans
Europäer
Peruvians
Peruaner
Finns
Finnen
Franks
Franken
Phoenicians
Phönikier
Sidonians
Sidonier
Phrygians
Phrygiern
Pisans
Pisaner
Rajputs
Radjputen
Roma
Barbarians
Barbaren
Ethnic Groups
Ethnische Gruppen
Races
Völker
Groupe ethnique
initial version
Semper's use of various terms describing subdivisions of humanity is most closely aligned with the German word "Volk" in its 19th-century sense. As such, the categories that Semper applies when speaking about different societies are, in today's terms, a mixture of linguistic, ethnic, religious, and cultural terms together with designations that in the 19th century were believed to possess some kind of identifiable reality when describing groups of persons, but which are no longer understood in these terms today. These designations are often pejorative. One example of this is "Wilden" - the "wild people" - a term used to describe groups of persons living in a perceived primitive state. The understanding of "Wilden" as a clearly identifiable and bounded group rested on a set of pejorative assumptions about people whose material culture was interpreted as limited by Europeans, and whose lifestyle was judged by them to be close to nature, i.e. who were seen to be living like animals. At the same time, the tendency to equate linguistic and to some extent religious identities with ethnic ones, characteristic of 19th-century European thought, means that "Cimbrians" appear in Semper's writings as a "Volk", whereas today we would use the term "Cimbrian speakers".
The way I have now labelled this is aligned with other SKOS thesauri that deal with similar concepts: https://lod.data-archive.ac.uk/v2-skoshasset/en-GB/4c148b10-da8b-4b9b-ab4d-11edede7d27d http://skos.um.es/unescothes/C01426 https://ukat.aim25.com/thesaurus/f4/mt430/1386/ The UK archival thesaurus makes reference to the UNESCO SKOS Thesaurus. Does that mean that it might be sensible for us to align with this too? The difference in our case is that what we are describing here are not our understanding of ethnic groups today, but Semper's one from the 1850s. I have nested this under "Social groups" following the example of the UK Data Archive. Not sure in how far this makes sense in our case. It is a provisional solution.