Bedouin Beduinen Beneventans Beneventaner French Franzosen Mexicans Mexikaner Gauls Gallier Germans Deutsche Britons (Celts) Britannen Canadians Kanadier Goths Gothen Caribs Caraiben Carthaginians Carthager Celts Kelten Chaldeans Chaldäer Gyana-Ladies Guiana-Damen Chinese Chinesen Cimbrians Cimbern Dorians Dorier Heruli Heruler Egyptians Ägypter Hindus Hindu English Engländer Etruscans Etrusker Huns Hunnen Iberians Iberier Illyrians Illyrier Inca Inkas Indians Inder Inhabitants of Chios? Chioten Inhabitants of New Holland Neuholländer Inhabitants of Tyre? Tyrer Inuit Inuit Israelites Israeliten Italians Italiener Social groups Italic peoples Italier Japanese Japanesen Japydes Japygier Germanic tribes Germanen American Indians Indianer Romans Römer Jews Juden Judeans Judäer Kalmyks Kalmücken Kurds Kurden Lombards Langobarden Tonga Tongaer Lucchese Lucchesen Lycians Lykier Lyonese Lyoner Macedonians Makedonier Medes Meder Milesians (Irish) Milesier Minyans Minyer Russians Russen Saracens Saracenen Americans Amerikaner Arabs Araber Ashanti Aschanti Asian barbarians Asiatischen und Thrakischen Barbaren Asians Asiaten Saxons Sachsen Assyrians Assyrer Mohammedans Muhamedaner Austrians Österreicher Aztecs Azteken Babylonians Babylonier Scandinavians Skandinavier Mongols Mongolen Moors Mauren Neapolitans Neapolitaner Florentines Florentiner Negroes Neger Normans Normanen Scythians Skythen North Americans Nordamerikaner Skrælings Skrälinger North Europeans Völker des Nordens von Europa Onalaskans? Onalasker Parthians Parther Orientals Orientale Slavs Slaven Pelasgians Pelasger Peoples of the East Völker des Ostens Persians Perser South Sea Islanders Völker der Südsee Wild people Wilden Greeks Griechen Swiss Schweizer Sybarites Sybariten Sámi people Samen Tiroleans Tiroler Toltec Tolteken Troglodytes Troglodyten Tungus Tungusen Turks Türken Europeans Europäer Peruvians Peruaner Finns Finnen Franks Franken Phoenicians Phönikier Sidonians Sidonier Phrygians Phrygiern Pisans Pisaner Rajputs Radjputen Roma Roma Barbarians Barbaren Ethnic Groups Ethnische Gruppen Races Völker Groupe ethnique Elena Chestnova 2021-04-23T09:17:04+00:00 initial version 2021-04-16T10:05:03+00:00 Elena Chestnova Elena Chestnova 2021-04-22T13:54:17+00:00 Elena Chestnova 2021-04-22T14:10:26+00:00 Semper's use of various terms describing subdivisions of humanity is most closely aligned with the German word "Volk" in its 19th-century sense. As such, the categories that Semper applies when speaking about different societies are, in today's terms, a mixture of linguistic, ethnic, religious, and cultural terms together with designations that in the 19th century were believed to possess some kind of identifiable reality when describing groups of persons, but which are no longer understood in these terms today. These designations are often pejorative. One example of this is "Wilden" - the "wild people" - a term used to describe groups of persons living in a perceived primitive state. The understanding of "Wilden" as a clearly identifiable and bounded group rested on a set of pejorative assumptions about people whose material culture was interpreted as limited by Europeans, and whose lifestyle was judged by them to be close to nature, i.e. who were seen to be living like animals. At the same time, the tendency to equate linguistic and to some extent religious identities with ethnic ones, characteristic of 19th-century European thought, means that "Cimbrians" appear in Semper's writings as a "Volk", whereas today we would use the term "Cimbrian speakers". Elena Chestnova 2021-04-23T09:19:22+00:00 Elena Chestnova 2021-05-20T12:44:03+00:00 The way I have now labelled this is aligned with other SKOS thesauri that deal with similar concepts: https://lod.data-archive.ac.uk/v2-skoshasset/en-GB/4c148b10-da8b-4b9b-ab4d-11edede7d27d http://skos.um.es/unescothes/C01426 https://ukat.aim25.com/thesaurus/f4/mt430/1386/ The UK archival thesaurus makes reference to the UNESCO SKOS Thesaurus. Does that mean that it might be sensible for us to align with this too? The difference in our case is that what we are describing here are not our understanding of ethnic groups today, but Semper's one from the 1850s. I have nested this under "Social groups" following the example of the UK Data Archive. Not sure in how far this makes sense in our case. It is a provisional solution. Elena Chestnova 2021-05-20T12:54:03+00:00